Uterine cancer is a significant health concern for women in Singapore. In fact, it’s the fourth most common cancer affecting women in Singapore. But the good news is that when detected early, the cure rate can be over 90%! Let’s delve into what uterine cancer is, its prevalence in Singapore, and what you should be aware of with this comprehensive guide.

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer develops in the uterus, a vital organ in the female reproductive system responsible for carrying and nourishing a fetus during pregnancy. The uterus has two layers: the outer muscle tissue (myometrium) and the inner lining (endometrium).

There are two main types of uterine cancer:

• Endometrial cancer: Originates in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It accounts for 80–90% of all uterine cancers globally and is the most common type.
• Uterine sarcoma: A rare form that develops in the myometrium, the muscle tissue of the uterus.

Oftentimes, the terms “uterine cancer” and “endometrial cancer” are used interchangeably.

Uterine Cancer in Singapore: The Numbers

According to the 2020 Singapore Cancer Registry, there were 2,968 new cases of uterine cancer reported between 2016 and 2020. In 2022, there were 859 new cases of corpus uteri cancer in Singapore. The incidence rate has been increasing over the past few decades1. The Singapore Cancer Society reports that corpus uteri (uterus) cancer was the fourth most common cancer among women from 2017-2021, with 3,133 cases.

While these numbers may seem alarming, the death rate from uterine cancer is relatively low compared to other common cancers. This is because it often presents symptoms early, allowing for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Risk Factors for Uterine Cancer

While the exact cause of uterine cancer is unknown, several risk factors have been identified:

• Age: The majority of uterine cancer cases in Singapore are diagnosed in women over 40, most commonly between 50 and 70 years old.
• Obesity: Excess fat alters the body’s hormone balance, increasing the risk.
• High oestrogen levels: A high level of oestrogen has been found to play a role in the development of endometrial cancer.
• Other health conditions: Diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) can also increase a woman’s risk.
• Urban environment: Endometrial and ovarian cancers are more common in women who live and work in urban environments, potentially due to fewer pregnancies, less breastfeeding, and higher rates of obesity and diabetes.

Symptoms of Uterine Cancer

Early detection is key to successful treatment of uterine cancer. Be aware of these potential symptoms:

• Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during urination
• Pain during intercourse

What Can You Do?

1. Be aware: Understand the risk factors and symptoms of uterine cancer.
2. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Manage your weight, blood pressure, and diabetes to reduce your risk.
3. See your doctor: If you experience any unusual vaginal bleeding or other concerning symptoms, consult your doctor promptly.

Uterine cancer Singapore, including endometrial cancer, is the most common gynaecological cancer in Singapore women with rising incidence.
When detected and treated early, the prognosis for uterine cancer is very good. The Singapore Cancer Society emphasizes that with early detection and treatment, you can have better clinical/management outcomes.
The overall 5-year relative survival rate across all uterine cancer cases in Singapore is around 72%. Almost 70% of uterine cancers are diagnosed in Stage I, which has a 94% 5-year relative survival rate.
Take charge of your health! By staying informed and proactive, you can significantly improve your chances of successful treatment.